Electromagnetic (EM) surfaces are typical wireless communication devices and key components to construct EM environments for 6G wireless communication. EM surfaces can manipulate the EM characteristics, such as amplitude, phase, and polarization. Traditional EM surfaces are commonly formed by single-mode resonators, leading to a series of limitations, such as narrow bandwidths, limited manipulation methods, low design accuracy, low efficiency, and poor generality. By using the advantages of multi-mode resonators for effective bandwidth enhancement and flexible wave controlling, this project has proposed a methodology for high-performance EM surfaces based on multi-mode resonators. Besides, a comprehensive system of these novel EM surfaces including mechanism analysis, synthesis design, and multifunctional application has been successfully built up. The novel EM surfaces have effectively broken the technical bottlenecks of traditional EM surfaces in terms of bandwidth, manipulation methods, and design freedom. Besides, these surfaces have solved the difficulty in accurately extracting the equivalent circuit parameters of EM surfaces and have overcome the restriction where the current synthesis method is only eligible for EM surfaces with narrow bandwidth and poor generality. Aiming at the practical application of 6G wireless communication, a series of models and prototypes have been designed and fabricated, and several original achievements with significant values in theory and application have been attained. Moreover, the project accomplisher has received a series of domestic and international technological awards based on the outcome of this project, including the 2024 IEEE MTT-S Microwave Application Award. The achievements of this project have been widely cited and employed by many experts and scientists in wireless communication fields, which has contributed to a significant impact by Macau in the fields of science and technology.

Fig 1 Typical application scenarios and physical structure of EM surfaces based on multi-mode resonators

Fig 2 Unique advantages of novel EM surfaces compared with traditional EM surfaces.

Fig 3 Research system of high-performance EM surfaces based on multi-mode resonators.